Receding gums means a decrease in gum tissue. Unlike the decrease in gum tissue caused by periodontitis, the decrease in gum tissue in recession is not caused by inflammation.

Recession has many causes. If the recession is localized (limited to one tooth) the cause is usually a dislocation of a tooth – as shown here in the case of an upper incisor.

Recessions appearing around several teeth (as in this picture) are usually caused by not brushing properly.

If the tooth comes through the maxillary ridge, as is usually the case, then the outside of the tooth retains a layer of bone and gums thick enough to allow adequate blood circulation – as shown by the red dots in the picture.

If the tooth comes through further out (near the lip or cheek), in this area the bone is thinner than usual, which leads to poor circulation. If the bone base is further compressed when biting, for example due to excessive pressure on the tooth (shown by the red arrow) the result is also poorer circulation. Poor circulation results in a decreased supply of nutrients to an anatomical area, so in this case the bone and gums recede.

As well as being more sensitive (to cold or heat), the necks of the teeth which are thus exposed are more likely to suffer damage from a toothbrush or cavities, so this condition must be treated. Treatment includes not only building up tissue on the outside of the teeth in order to improve circulation, but also the improvement of co-factors such as correcting tooth displacements and/or improving brushing technique.

Tissue can be built up by transplanting connective tissue. The cuts and the operating area are so small, that a micro-surgery set can be used for this type of work.

A small flap of mucous membrane is prepared.

The upper parts of the exposed root are removed using a special instrument.
The surface of the root is treated using a special medication – all of this helps the gums to grow.

The connective tissue is now put into place, and the flap of membrane smoothed over it. Connective tissue is usually taken from the gum through a small cut, and the wound is simply covered by a protective plate.

The healing process is complete 2 months after the operation, the gums are back in their original position, and if the patient uses a better brushing technique, then successful treatment is ensured.